An epidemic is a disease that attacks many individuals in a particular area at the same time. A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.
In just the last century, we have seen three influenza pandemics:
- 1918: 500,000 deaths in the United States; 40 million deaths worldwide
- 1957: 70,000 deaths in the United States; between one and two million deaths worldwide
- 1968: 34,000 deaths in the United States; 700,000 deaths worldwide
As medicine, education, and communication abilities advance, the death toll has gone down dramatically.
What causes a pandemic? Viruses are constantly changing. A new strain of the influenza virus may emerge — if people have little or no immunity, the disease can spread quickly and easily.
The rapid spread of the virus causes an overload on local health care systems. Border closures and travel restrictions can slow the movement of the virus but not much can be done to stop it. The large number of people who contract the virus may outnumber the available staff, facilities, and equipment for treatment. Past pandemics have spread in more than one wave, putting even more strain on the health care system.
Death rates are determined by several factors: the number of people infected; the strength of the virus; the effectiveness of preventative measures; and the basic vulnerabilities of the affected populations. An area that has less access to hospitals and medicine may see more deaths. A lack of antiviral drugs, hospital beds, and other supplies is possible if a pandemic hits.
If a pandemic occurs, social disruption may follow. Normal services like banks, stores, and restaurants may be disrupted. Transportation may be disrupted. It may be difficult or impossible to get to work, or get the children to school.
It is a good idea to get in the habit of good hygiene now. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water; cover your mouth and nose if you cough or sneeze. And if you’re sick, stay at home! A day or two at home is better than going to work sick and passing it on.
For more information and preparation checklists, visit the government’s Pandemic Flu website.